Electrode for arc-welding



y 1. w. PAY. ELECTROUE FOR-ARC WELDING. PPALICATIOI FILED FEB. 21, 1920.

.Patented Nov. 23, 1920; ,A

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' firme/vers UNITED STATES PATENT. do'1=l=-1fcj E.

JOSEPH W. FAY, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN'.

nLEcrnonE Fon 'Arbowet-DING.

i Speccation of I .etters Patent.

Application led February 27, 1920. l Serial No. 361,832.

electrode.- One object of the invention is to produce an electrode which is covered by insulating material 1n such a manner as to 'maintain substantially constant the temperature ofthe electrode while it is in use.

, without reference to its length, and otherwelded is inclosed in a coating of .heat rewise to maintain the most suitable `conditions for carrying on the work of welding. Other objects of the invention will be apparentl from a consideration of the accompanying drawings and the following description thereof.

Of the drawings Figure 1 is an elevation of an electrode which embodies features of my invention; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the-electrode; Fig. 3 is an elevation of the electrode with certain portions of the covering'broken away; Fig. 4 is' a view of the arc end of the electrode.

An suitable material maybe used for the e ectrode proper, that his the metallic core, and it vmay be of anysuitable shape, diameter and length. In ageneral way my electrode is particularly adapted to machine welding when the electrode is very long. I

refer for'J the purpose the metal bar 10. he entire length of that portion of rthe bar which is to be deposited on the seam to be sisting cement` 11.,- Any ,suitable cement may be used forthe purpose but I prefera coat of asbestos cement. Outside 1 of this coat `of cement is applied a thick coating of paper 12, any suta e paper being used for the purpose. And thepaper is applied in such a manner as to taper in thickness from one end to the other,"the coatin of paper on the arc end of the electrode belng thinner than 'at the upper end.. The amount of the tapering of the papershould vary with the length of the electrode and the particular end of the insulation to the conditions of the welding process, but in general I prefer a variation in thickness substantially as indicated in Fig. 2f The surface of the papel' is materially roughened inanysuitable manner so as to lform materlal depressions or grooves for the reception of an outer coating of cement. While I do not wish my invention to be considered as confined to any particular form of grooves or depressions on the surfaces of the paper, yet I prefer for this purpose annular V- shaped grooves positioned close together, equally spaced, but diminishing in size toward the arc end, and extending from one other, substantially as indicated in Fig. 2.

In the process of manufacturing my electrode, when the grooves or corrugations are Patented Nov. 23,1920.

formed in the surface of the paper the paper is soaked in a solution of cement, such as a mixture of asbestos cement and sodium silicate, which penetrates the paper more or less and forms a coating 13 on the surface thereof. The corrugations are then pressed full of cement and the entire surface of the thin coat of cement on the paper is covered by this outer coat. Any suitable material may be used for filling the corrugations and the outer coat.`y yI prefer for the purpose the asbestos cement 14.

. One object oftapering the insulation as shown and' described is to insure an even' fusin temperature throughout the entire lengt of the electrode, especially in the case of electrodes that are very long, for instance six feet orA more in length, and-which are used 1n machine weldlng. In such cases there isa material mcrease 1-n temperature in the body of the electrode as. the terminal or ,supporting end is being approached by the arc, and this excessive 'temperature weakens the quality of the insulation as the electrode decreases in length, and. thus causes a poor weld and makes it difficult to carrying on the welding automatically on account of the varia-tions in the fusing of the electrode. The. object which I have in view is to deposit the metal on the seam to be welded at a uniform time rate regardless of the len hof the electrode. If the speed of the mac ine and the current of /electricitv passin through the arc will deposit one inch o metal to one inch of the seam in one second, in the beginning, the finishing end '35 i metal electrode some diiii'cultyis usually-enof the electrode should deposit the same amount of metal in the same length of time. An electrode with uniform thickness of inf sulation throughout the 'entire length VWill fuse faster as the electrode decreases in length due to the Weakness of the insulation caused by the electrode shortens in length. v

One of the objects of applying a coating of cement 1l to the surface'of the metal rod isl to prevent the paper coat 12 from char,- ring -due to the heat passing to the paper from the body of' the metallic rod. One of the objects of the paper is to provide suitable supporting means for holding the body of the cement to the electrode. An electrode covered-entirely with paper, although impregnated with the best impregnated compound, would vnot be of a high enough quality of insulation Without the use of cef-A ment, hence it is desirable to apply the cement in the manner described; and if a` heavy coating of cement is applied to the surface -of the paper without threading or nurling the paper or producing other suit-V able depressions therein, theeement would crack or peel ofi". And the asbestos and so-.

dium silicate solution in which the aper is soaked, provides a suitable binder tween the paper and the thick coating of cement', and thus also assist in preventing cracking or peeling of of thecem'ent.

I also provide means in connection'with thearc end of the electrode to facilitate the starting of the arc. With an ordinary countered in properly starting the arc. Occasionally the arc will fuse to the work, if not properly handled; I have discovered that, providing'means for increasing mate.-

v rially the resistance to the owof electricity per unit lengthimmediately at the arcend of the Uelectrode, and thus increasing the temperature of this portion of the electrode siiciently, will prevent the tendency of the electrode sticking to the work or other dismiV ' For this advantages in starting the arc. This is so because the vportion of the electrode which comes in contact with the arc, while allowingthecurrent to Start, will raise the' temperature of the end suiiiciently to fuse and` p erhaps vaporize thje metal, and thus mateV rially simplifies the starting of the arc.

and of the electrode a depression l5` so thus starts the flow of the electric current. The walls of the annular ring are so thin quickly melts and properly starts the arc without the necessity of-moving the electrode backward from thework at exactly'the right instant.V By .this arrangement the operator Vof the electrode, in

the increase of the temperatureas purpose any suitable means may be provided, but I prefer to provide vin' the arc" starting the arc, need not so exact, and the danfrer offusin-g to the Work and other disadvantages are eliminated. 'It is to be understood, however, that the form of the depression or the method of reducing the mass of the metal en the end of the electrode, is not essential so far as the spirit of my invention is concerned, it being necessary only to remove sufficient mass ofthe metal to cause high resistance to the flow of electricity through VKthe end of the electrode, and to reduce-the mass to such a point that it will very quickly .be melted andI more or lessV vaporized. And it is further to be understood that any electric conducting means may be applied to the arc end of the elec- .trode for the purpose of thus startingthe arc, provided only that the resistance is such as to properly fuse and vaporize the conductor in themanner herein stated.

I claim as my invention:

1. VAn electrode forwelding urposes comprising a bar of metal, a coat o cement on said bar, a wrapping of paper aroundl ,'said cement, a thin Vcoat of cementpenetrating into the pores of said paper and surrounding the outersurface thereof, -and a thick coat of cement coveringsaid lastmentioned coat of cement.

2. An electrode for welding purposes comprising a bar of metal, acoat of cement on saidbar, a thick'coat of papercovering the said cement, said paper having de resi Y 'on said bar, a thick coat of paper covering the`said cenent, said paper having de ressions therein, and a coat of cement the thickness of the pa r in the neighborhood of the arc end o the electrode being thicker .than thefthickness of the siper in thel neighborhoodof'the other en electrode.

4. An' electrode forwelding' Ap fof the.

pios said depressions and covering saidpap'er, c

comprising a bar of metal, a coat ofcement) onVV said bar, 'a thick coat of paper covering the said cement', said paper having de' res-v sions therein, andxa coat-of cement said depressions "and covering said pa i the depressions in said paper exten fromone ,end of the paper coat to the other l end, and smaller near the arc end' of the 'electrode than near the other formed as to leave an annularring of metal whichcomes in-contact with the work and.

end. 5;'An. electrode for welding p" comprisinga bar of metal, a coat of cement;V

the thiclmess ofthe outercoat o cement being less near the arc end of said 'ectrode than near therotherend.

6. An electrode for Welding purposes comprising a bar of metal, a coat of cement on said bar, a thick Coat of paper covering the said cement, said paper having depressions therein and a coat of cement filling said depressions and covering said paper, the depressions in said paper comprising other.

In testimony whereof, I hereuntovse my hand.

JoSEPH W. FAY. I 

